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Evaluation of Gastroprotective Activity of Licorice and Turmeric Rhizome Aqueous Extract against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Injury in Male Wistar Rats
Mohammad Panji, Marzieh Ghafouri,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Gastric ulcers occur when the mucous layer covering the gastric wall is damaged. Curcuma and licorice are famous ancient herbs that have been widely used as food additives and medicinal herbs. The present study aimed to investigate gastroprotective activity of Curcuma and licorice extract (CLE) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in male Wistar rats.
Methods: Fifteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups and fasted for 24 hours with free access to water. The rats received different doses of CLE (200 and 500 mg/kg) or omeprazole (20 mg/kg) by oral gavage. One hour after the induction of gastric ulcer via absolute ethanol administration (5 ml/kg), the rats were sacrificed, and the stomach was opened along the greater curvature. Ulcerative lesions were observed and counted. Total juice acidity was evaluated. Finally, mRNA level of Bax and COX-2 was measured.
Results: The oral administration of CLE (200 and 500 mg/kg) and omeprazole (positive control, 20 mg/kg) to rats remarkably attenuated gastric acidity and the number of ethanol-induced gastric lesions. Further examination of gastric mucosal homogenate revealed significant downregulation of Bax and COX-2 in the CLE-treated groups compared with the lesion control group. 
Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm the gastroprotective activity of CLE against ethanol-induced gastric injury.
Association between lipid metabolism markers and gastric cancer stage and grade: A Focus on ApoB
Amir Asghary, Marie Saghaeian Jazi , Seyed Mostafa Mir , Abbas Doulani , Hamid Reza Joshaghani,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC), particularly adenocarcinoma, remains a major global health burden with high mortality, largely because of late-stage diagnosis and the limited availability of reliable biomarkers for disease monitoring. Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in tumor biology, and serum lipid-related markers, including apolipoproteins, have been proposed as potential non-invasive indicators of tumor progression. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum lipid profiles and tumor stage and histological grade in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
Methods: Fifty patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled. Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoB were measured. Patients were categorized into early (Stages I-II) and advanced (Stages III-IV) tumor stages, as well as into moderately differentiated versus poorly differentiated grades. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess data normality. Parametric and non-parametric tests were applied accordingly. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: ApoB was the only parameter showing a significant association with tumor stage. Patients with advanced-stage GC had significantly lower mean ApoB levels than those in early stages (52.4 ± 2.6 vs. 63.4 ± 5.2 mg/dL, p = 0.042). No statistically significant differences were observed in ApoA1, HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, or VLDL with respect to either tumor stage or histological grade.
Conclusion: ApoB levels appear to decline with advancing tumor stage in gastric adenocarcinoma, suggesting a potential role as a marker for evaluating disease burden. Although no association was found with tumor grade, further validation in larger prospective studies incorporating metabolic and inflammatory covariates is warranted.

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